Julian Francis Abele (1881-1950) was the most formally educated architect in the U.S. earning Certificates in Architectural Drawing from the Pennsylvania Museum and School of Industrial Art and the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, as well as, a B.S. in Architecture from the University of Pennsylvania. From 1906-1950, Abele would go on to design over 100 cut stone buildings as senior designer for the Office of Horace Trumbauer in Philadelphia. Abele designed 39 buildings for “a new university for the Carolinas” (Duke University), including Duke Chapel, without ever stepping on campus. 21 buildings designed by Abele are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.